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1. The primary factor in building small cold storage is the selection of the construction location of the small cold storage.

 For example, whether it is near the source of goods, whether the transportation is convenient, there should be good sanitary conditions around the warehouse site, and it must avoid and stay away from harmful gases, dust, smoke, dust, and other pollution sources, and whether there is a reliable water source and power supply. and drainage conditions.

Small cold storage can be installed indoors or outdoors. The cost of indoor construction is relatively lower than that of outdoor installation.

 2.Storage items and temperature selection in small cold storage

 Different types of items stored in small cold storage will also affect the cost of cold storage. Different items have different storage capacities and require different temperatures. The cost of small cold storage for storing ordinary items (common fruits, vegetables, meat, etc.) is lower, but the cost of small cold storage for storing special items is relatively high due to the installation of heating, ventilation and humidification equipment.

3. Small cold storage refrigeration equipment configuration and brand selection

 The accessories of refrigeration equipment for small cold storage account for about 30% of the cost of cold storage construction.

 Choosing imported high-quality brand refrigeration accessories can effectively improve the refrigeration effect of cold storage and extend the service life of cold storage. Branded refrigeration equipment is cost-effective and the price is transparent.

 On the contrary, the price of ordinary refrigeration equipment with lower cost is "very favorable", but the lifespan and cooling effect is worse than that of brand refrigeration equipment.

1. Library door design planning

The door of small cold storage must be reasonably set according to the width of the passage that can be used on site. Common door designs include sliding doors, sliding doors, electric doors, rolling shutter doors, spring doors, etc.; the construction needs to be based on the customer's requirements. Use it appropriately according to your needs. If the size of cargo transportation is limited, then it is recommended to use a sliding door that can facilitate the free entry and exit of large equipment and large cargo

2. Thermal expansion valve

The thermal expansion valve of the refrigeration device in the design and construction of cold storage is suitable for evaporators without free liquid surface, and can be divided into internal balanced type and external balanced type. The specific selection principle mainly determines the form and model of the thermal expansion valve based on factors such as the cooling capacity, type of refrigerant, pressure difference before and after throttling, and the flow resistance of the refrigerant in the evaporator tube. Generally, a margin of 20% to 30% needs to be considered. Among common refrigeration problems, many are caused by incorrect selection of expansion valves.

3. Selection of refrigeration compressor

 There are many brands of common compressors on the market. At present, the electromechanical products are relatively mature, and the domestic mechanical processing and production technology are also relatively mature. As long as the compressor is reasonably selected and is not a refurbished second-hand machine, there is basically no big problem.

 When the required evaporation temperature is higher and the actual condensation temperature is higher, bipolar compression refrigeration needs to be used. Generally, the compression ratio is equal to 8 as the demarcation. When the compression ratio is less than 8, single-stage compression is used; when the compression ratio is greater than or equal to 8, bipolar compression is used.

 Make each machine bear the heat load of only one evaporation temperature as much as possible during operation, so as to obtain better cooling effect.

 The two-stage compressor unit can reasonably adjust the volume ratio of high- and low-pressure compressors based on intermediate temperature, condensation temperature, evaporation temperature, etc.

4. Selection of cold storage cooling system

 The choice of cold storage cooling system is mainly the selection of cold storage compressor and evaporator. Under normal circumstances, small cold storages mainly use fully hermetic compressors; medium-sized cold storages generally use semi-hermetic compressors; large cold storages use semi-hermetic compressors. The condensation methods of refrigeration equipment are divided into air cooling, water cooling and evaporative cooling. Form, users can choose according to the actual situation. Cold storage design diagram Cold storage installation and management are relatively cumbersome.

5. Cold storage threshold design

 Generally speaking, the threshold of the warehouse can be set or not. If it is not set, the inside of the cold storage must be as high as the outside ground. The same ground material should be used on the insulation layer to allow cold storage staff to carry goods. It's more convenient to get in and out.

If it is set up, the threshold must be three to five centimeters above the ground, so that the ground inside the warehouse and the outside ground form steps. This structure is more convenient for installation and transportation of goods.

6. Cold storage panel design and selection

The bottom plate of a small cold storage is very important. Foam-formed surface protection materials such as color steel tiles, galvanized steel plates, flowered aluminum plates, etc. are preferred. For some special occasions with higher requirements, SUS 304 stainless steel plates and SUS 316 stainless steel plates should be reasonably used. .

The bottom insulation of a slightly larger cold storage can be paved with extruded polystyrene board moisture-proof membrane and concrete, which can not only ensure the insulation requirements, but also meet the load-bearing needs.

For a cold storage with a design temperature of about -20°C, the top and wall of polyurethane should be 150 mm, and the bottom 200 mm. Since polyurethane itself has good waterproof properties, there is no need to install an air barrier. However, because the polyurethane insulation layer in the cold storage enclosure gradually ages during use, we need to add corrugated panels to the spray-foamed walls.

7. Design of insulation layer thickness

Cold storage insulation materials should be environmentally friendly polyurethane materials with mature technology and one-time high-pressure foaming. Polystyrene foam materials can also be used. Generally, the temperature of cold storage is above minus 22°C all year round, so it is best to choose 100 ℃ for the storage board. mm thick thermal insulation layer; for cold storage below minus 22 ℃, it is best to use a 50 mm thick thermal insulation layer; and for cold storage below minus 30 ℃, it is best to use a 200 mm thick thermal insulation layer. (refer to)

8. Balanced window design : Small cold storage requires sealing. In actual use, due to the large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the warehouse, thermal expansion and contraction can easily occur, resulting in the door being unable to open. In order to effectively solve this type of problem, small cold storage must have a balance window. Designed so that when the pressure inside the cold storage is too low, air can be added appropriately to balance the pressure.
9. Door frame anti-condensation design

 There will definitely be a gap between the door and the door frame of the cold storage. When the temperature difference between the inside and outside is as high as about 10°C, the moisture in the air will condense on the surface of the door frame or even flow directly to the ground inside the warehouse; therefore, there should be Install a heating wire (heating wire) to avoid condensation in humid weather.

10. Requirements for building structural materials for cold storage

Cold storage is a low-temperature environment for a long time. In such a low-temperature environment, especially during periodic freezing and thawing cycles, the building structure is vulnerable to damage. Therefore, the building materials of the cold storage and the structure of each part of the cold storage must have sufficient frost resistance. In general, the design of cold storage building structure and material requirements are four points: thermal insulation, sealing, solidity and frost resistance.

11. Sanitary design

In order to prevent the health and safety hazards of the cold storage, the edge junctions of the cold storage must be made into rounded corners with a radius of R30 mm or more during construction. The place where the three sides meet is best to form a spherical inner corner with a radius of R30 mm or more; this special The structure can effectively prevent sanitary dead corners and ensure environmental hygiene in the warehouse.

Supplement: Things to note when installing and using cold storage

1. Construction control is not strict. “When the design temperature difference on both sides of the building envelope is equal to or greater than 5°C, an air barrier should be installed on the higher temperature side. If not strictly implemented, the quality of the food cold storage will be affected. Strictly control the quality and choose good insulation boards.
2. Debris should not be piled on the top plate of the food cold storage equipment, otherwise the food cold storage board will deform and affect the insulation performance. The channels around the cold storage should be kept unobstructed to ensure good heat dissipation. The location where the cold storage is installed should be kept dry, clean, free of flammable and explosive items, and free of any potential safety hazards. A certain gap needs to be reserved in front of the evaporator to avoid affecting the cooling effect.

3. Due to some misunderstandings about the moisture-proof and air-insulating layer of food cold storage, there is a confused understanding of the working principle of the cold storage and the impact of the external environment on the operation of the cold storage from the beginning of the design. It is believed that whether the waterproof and air-insulating layer is made or not has a negative impact on the food. The insulation effect of cold storage has little impact. What's more, some people think that there is not much difference between whether it is done or not, and what materials are used. Therefore, the design is not in place.